References

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  1. Seright, R.S.: “Placement of Gels to Modify Injection Profiles,” paper SPE/DOE 17332 presented at the 1988 SPE/DOE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, April 17-20.
  2. Seright, R.S and Martin, F.D.: "Fluid Diversion and Sweep Improvement with Chemical Gels in Oil Recovery Processes," second annual report (DOE/BC/1447-10), Contract No. DE-FG22-89BC14447,U.S. DOE (Nov. 1991) 45-55, 56-60, 73-110.
  3. Willhite, G.P.: Waterflooding, Textbook Series, SPE, Richardson, TX (1986) 3, 85-115, 170-186.
  4. Seright, R.S.: “Effect of Rheology on Gel Placement,” SPERE (May 1991) 212-218; Trans. AIME, 291
  5. Vela, S., Peaceman, D.W., and Sandvik, E.I.: “Evaluation of Polymer Flooding in a Layered Reservoir With Crossflow, Retention, and Degradation,” SPEJ (April 1976) 82-96.
  6. Jennings, R.R., Rogers, J.H., and West, T.J.: “Factors Influencing Mobility Control By Polymer Solutions,” JPT (March 1971) 391-401.
  7. Zaitoun, A. and Kohler, N.: “The Role of Adsorption in Polymer Propagation Through Reservoir Rocks,” paper SPE 16274 presented at the 1987 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, San Antonio, Oct. 4-6.
  8. Seright, R.S.: “Impact of Permeability and Lithology on Gel Performance,” paper SPE 24190 presented at the 1992 SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 22-24.
  9. Seright, R.S. and Martin, F.D.: “Impact of Gelation pH, Rock Permeability, and Lithology on the Performance of a Monomer-Based Gel,” SPERE (Feb. 1993) 43-50.
  10. Seright, R.S.: “Improved Techniques for Fluid Diversion in Oil Recovery Processes,” first annual report (DOE/BC/14880-5), Contract No. DE-AC22-92BC14880, U.S. DOE (Dec. 1993) 1-72, 73-80, 95-100, 101-140, 166-181.
  11. Seright, R.S. and Martin, F.D.: “Fluid Diversion and Sweep Improvement with Chemical Gels in Oil Recovery Processes,” first annual report (DOE/BC/14447-8), Contract No. DE-FG22-89BC14447, U.S. DOE (June 1991), 34-55, 80-86
  12. Seright, R.S. and Liang, J.: “A Survey of Field Applications of Gel Treatments for Water Shutoff,” paper SPE 26991 presented at the 1994 SPE III Latin American & Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Buenos Aires, April 27-29.
  13. Seright, R.S.: “Improved Techniques for Fluid Diversion in Oil Recovery Processes,” second annual report (DOE/BC/14880-10), Contract No. DE-AC22-92BC14880, U.S. DOE (March 1995) 1-29, 30-50, 51-64, 65-113, 114-128, 147-158.
  14. Hill, A.D.: Production Logging¾Theoretical and Interpretive Elements, Monograph Series, SPE, Richardson, TX (1990) 14, 19-36, 37-75.
  15. Buell, R.S., Kazemi, H., and Poettmann, F.H.: “Analyzing Injectivity of Polymer Solutions with the Hall Plot,” SPERE (Feb. 1990) 41-46.
  16. Seright, R.S.: “Use of Preformed Gels for Conformance Control in Fractured Systems,” paper SPE 35351 presented at the 1996 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 21-24
  17. Seright, R.S.: “Gel Placement in Fractured Systems,” SPEPF (Nov. 1995) 241-248
  18. Liang, J., Lee, R.L., and Seright, R.S.: “Placement of Gels in Production Wells,” SPEPF (Nov. 1993) 276-284; Transactions AIME 295.
  19. Needham, R.B., Threlkeld, C.B., and Gall, J.W.: “Control of Water Mobility Using Polymers and Multivalent Cations,” paper SPE 4747 presented at the 1974 SPE-AIME Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, April 22-24.
  20. Sandiford, B.B. and Graham, G.A.: “Injection of Polymer Solutions in Producing Wells,” AIChE Symposium Series, (1973) 69, No. 127, 38.
  21. Schneider, F.N. and Owens, W.W.: “Steady-State Measurements of Relative Permeability for Polymer/Oil Systems,” SPEJ (Feb. 1982) 79.
  22. Sparlin, D.D.: “An Evaluation of Polyacrylamides for Reducing Water Production,” JPT (Aug. 1976) 906-914.
  23. White, J.L., Goddard, J.E., and Phillips, H.M.: “Use of Polymers To Control Water Production in Oil Wells,” JPT (Feb. 1973) 143-150.
  24. Zaitoun, A., Kohler N., and Guerrini, Y.: “Improved Polyacrylamide Treatments for Water Control in Producing Wells,” JPT (July 1991) 862-867.
  25. Seright, R.S., Liang, J., and Sun, H.: “Gel Treatments in Production Wells with Water-Coning Problems,” In Situ (1993) 17, No. 3, 243-72.
  26. Seright, R.S.: “Reduction of Gas and Water Permeabilities Using Gels,” SPEPF (May 1995) 103-108.
  27. Liang, J., Sun, H., Seright, R.S.: “Why Do Gels Reduce Water Permeability More Than Oil Permeability?,” SPERE (Nov. 1995) 282-286.
  28. Seright, R.S.: “Improved Techniques for Fluid Diversion in Oil Recovery Processes,” final report (DOE/BC/14880-15), Contract No. DE-AC22-92BC14880, U.S. DOE (Jan. 1996) 3-61, 62-89, 90-113.
  29. Seright, R.S. and Martin, F.D.: “Effect of Cr3+ on the Rheology of Xanthan Formulations in Porous Media: Before and After Gelation,” In Situ (1992) 16, No.1, 1-16.
  30. Hejri, S. et al.: “Permeability Reduction by a Xanthan/Cr(III) System in Porous Media,” SPERE (Nov. 1993) 299-304.
  31. Todd, B.J., Green, D.W., and Willhite, G.P.: “A Mathematical Model of In-Situ Gelation of Polyacrylamide by a Redox Process,” SPERE (Feb. 1993) 51-58.
  32. Zitha, P., Chauveteau, G., and Zaitoun, A.: “Permeability-Dependent Propagation of Polyacrylamides Under Near-Wellbore Flow Conditions,” paper SPE 28955 presented at the 1995 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, San Antonio, Feb. 14-17.
  33. Stavland, A. et al.: “Evaluation of Xanthan-Cr(III) Gels for Deep Emplacement: Retention of Cr(III) in North Sea Sandstone Reservoirs,” presented at the 7th European IOR Symposium in Moscow, Oct. 27-29, 1993.
  34. Kolnes, J. and Nilsson, S.: “Effect of the Core Material on Gelation of a HPAM/Chromium System at High Temperature,” paper SPE/DOE 35377 presented at the 1996 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 21-24
  35. Dovan, H.T. and Hutchins, R.D.: “New Polymer Technology for Water Control in Gas Wells,” SPEPF (Nov. 1994) 280-286.
  36. Erdey-Gruz, T.: Transport Phenomena in Aqueous Solutions, John Wiley, New York (1974) 151-163.
  37. Southwick, J.G., Jamieson, A.M., and Blackwell, J.: “Conformation of Xanthan Dissolved in Aqueous Urea and Sodium Chloride Solutions,” Carbohydrate Research (1982) 99, 117-127.
  38. Perkins, T.K. and Johnston, O.C.: “A Review of Diffusion and Dispersion in Porous Media,’ SPEJ (March 1963) 70-84.
  39. Prud'homme, R.K. and Uhl, J.T.: "Kinetics of Polymer/Metal-Ion Gelation," paper SPE/DOE 12640 presented at the 1984 SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 15-18.
  40. Southard, M.Z., Green, D.W., and Willhite, G.P.: “Kinetics of the Chromium(VI)/Thiourea Reaction in the Presence of Polyacrylamide,” paper SPE/DOE 12715 presented at 1984 the SPE/DOE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, April 15-18
  41. Arya, A. et al.: “Dispersion and Reservoir Heterogeneity,” SPERE (Feb. 1988) 139-148.
  42. Seright, R.S.: “Impact of Dispersion on Gel Placement for Profile Control,” SPERE (Aug. 1991) 343-352.
  43. Daccord, G.: “Acidizing Physics” in Reservoir Stimulation, 2nd ed., M.J. Economides and K.G. Nolte, eds., Prentice Hall, Houston (1989) 13-1-13.
  44. Sorbie, K.S. and Seright, R.S.: “Gel Placement in Heterogeneous Systems with Crossflow,” paper SPE 24192 presented at the 1992 SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 22-24.
  45. Coats, K.H., Dempsey, J.R., and Henderson, J.H.: “The Use of Vertical Equilibrium in Two-Dimensional Simulation of Three-Dimensional Reservoir Performance,” SPEJ (March 1971) 63-71.
  46. Zapata, V.J. and Lake, L.W.: “A Theoretical Analysis of Viscous Crossflow,” paper SPE 10111 presented at the 1981 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Oct. 5-7.
  47. Fletcher, A.J.P. et al.: “Deep Diverting Gels for Very Cost-Effective Waterflood Control,” J. Polym. Sci. & Eng. (April 1992) 7(1-2) 33-43.
  48. Kvanvik, B.A. et al.: “An Evaluation of Stable Gel Systems for Deep Injector Treatments and High-Temperature Producer Treatments,” presented at the 8th European IOR Symposium, Vienna, Austria, May 15-17, 1995
  49. Lockhart, T.P.: “Chemical Properties of Chromium/Polyacrylamide Gels,” SPE Adv. Technology Series (April 1994) 2, No. 2, 199-205.
  50. Lockhart, T.P. and Albonico, P.: “New Chemistry for the Placement of Chromium(III)/Polymer Gels in High-Temperature Reservoirs,” SPEPF (Nov. 1994) 273-279.
  51. Albonico, P. and Lockhart, T.P.: “Divalent Ion-Resistant Polymer Gels for High-Temperature Applications: Syneresis Inhibiting Additives,” paper SPE 25220 presented at the 1993 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans, March 2-5.
  52. Albonico, P. et al.: “Effective Gelation-Delaying Additives for Cr+3/Polymer Gels,” paper SPE 25221 presented at the 1993 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans, March 2-5.
  53. Albonico, P. et al.: “Studies on Phenol-Formaldehyde Crosslinked Polymer Gels in Bulk and in Porous Media,” paper SPE 25221 presented at the 1995 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans, Feb. 14-17.
  54. Moradi-Araghi, A., Bjornson, G., and Doe, P.H.: “Thermally Stable Gels for Near-Wellbore Permeability Contrast Corrections,” SPE Advanced Technology Series (June 1993) 1, No. 1, 140-145.
  55. Moradi-Araghi, A.: “Application of Low-Toxity Crosslinking Systems in Production of Thermally Stable Gels,” paper SPE 27826 presented at the 1994 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 17-20.
  56. Whitney, D.D., Montgomery, D.W., and Hutchins, R.D.: “Water Shutoff in the North Sea: Testing a New Polymer Gel System in the Heather Field, UKCS Block 2/5,” SPEPF (May 1996) 108-112.
  57. Midha, V. et al.: “Modeling the Effect of Filtration of Pre-Gel Aggregates on Gel Placement in Layered Reservoirs with Crossflow,” presented at the 1996 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 21-24.
  58. Breston, J.N.: "Selective Plugging of Waterflood Input Wells Theory, Methods and Results," JPT (March 1957) 26-31.
  59. Matthews, C.S. and Russell, D.G.: Pressure Buildup and Flow Tests in Wells, Monograph Series, SPE, Richardson, TX (1967) 1, 48.
  60. Lake, L.W.: “The Origins of Anisotropy,” JPT (April 1988) 395-396.
  61. Elkins, L.F. and Skov, A.M.: “Determination of Fracture Orientation from Pressure Interference,” JPT (Dec. 1960) 301-304; Trans., AIME, 219.
  62. Ramey, H.J.: “Interference Analysis for Anisotropic Formations¾A Case History,” JPT (Oct. 1975) 1290-1298; Trans., AIME, 259.
  63. Ye, M. and Seright, R.S.: “Gel Placement in Anisostropic Flow Systems,” In Situ (1996) 20, No.2, 115-135.
  64. Dake, L.P.: Fund. of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., New York (1982) 110, 343-430.
  65. Williams, B.B., Gidley, J.L., and Schechter, R.S.: Acidizing Fundamentals, Monograph Series, SPE, Richardson, TX (1979) 6, 99-100.
  66. Davidson, D.H.: “Invasion and Impairment of Formations by Particulates,” paper SPE 8210 presented at the 1979 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Las Vegas, Sept. 23-26.
  67. Baghdikian, S.Y., Sharma, M.M., and Handy, L.L.: “Flow of Clay Suspensions Through Porous Media,” SPERE (May 1989) 213-220
  68. Eleri, O.O. and Ursin, J-R.: “Physical Aspects of Formation Damage in Linear Flooding Experiments,” paper SPE 23784 presented at the 1992 International Symposium on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, Feb. 26-27.
  69. Tien, C. and Payatakes, A.C.: “Advances in Deep Bed Filtration,” AIChE Journal (1979) 25, No. 5, 737-759.
  70. Vetter, O.J., Kandarpa, V., Stratton, M., and Veith, E.: “Particle Invasion Into Porous Medium and Related Injectivity Problems,” paper SPE 16255 presented at the 1987 International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, San Antonio, Feb. 4-6.
  71. Van Oort, E., van Velzen, J.F.G., and Leerlooijer, K.: “Impairment by Suspended Solids Invasion: Testing and Prediction,” SPEPF (Aug. 1993) 178-184.
  72. Houchin, L.R. et al.: “Evaluation of Oil-Soluble Resin as an Acid-Diverting Agent,” paper SPE 15574 presented at the 1986 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Oct. 5-8
  73. Thompson, K.E. and Fogler, H.S.: “A Study of Diversion Mechanisms by Reactive Water-Diverting Agents,” paper SPE 25222 presented at the 1993 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans, March 2-5.
  74. Llave F.M. and Dobson, R.E.: “Field Application of Surfactant-Alcohol Blends for Conformance Control,” paper SPE 28618 presented at the 1994 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Sept. 25-28.
  75. Bae, J.H., Chambers, K.T., and Lee, H.O.: “Microbial Profile Modification Using Spores,” paper SPE 28617 presented at the 1994 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Sept. 25-28.
  76. Friedmann, F. et al.: “Steam Foam Mechanistic Field Trial in the Midway-Sunset Field,” paper SPE 21780 presented at the 1991 SPE Western Regional Meeting, Long Beach, March 20-22
  77. Gauglitz, P.A. et al.: “Field Optimization of Steam/Foam for Profile Control,” paper SPE 25781 presented at the 1993 International Thermal Operations Symposium, Bakersfield, Feb. 8-10.
  78. Stevens, J.E. and Martin, F.D: “CO2 Foam Field Verification Pilot Test at EVGSAU: Phase IIIB—Project Operations and Performance Review,” paper SPE 27786 presented at the 1994 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 17-20.
  79. Harpole, K.J., Siemers, W.T., and Gerard, M.G.: “CO2 Foam Field Verification Pilot Test at EVGSAU: Phase IIIC—Reservoir Characterization and Response to Foam Injection,” paper SPE 27798 presented at the 1994 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 17-20.
  80. Hoefner, M.L. et al.: “CO2 Foam: Results From Four Developmental Field Trials,” paper SPE 27787 presented at the 1994 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 17-20.
  81. Kuehne, D.L. et al.: “Design and Evaluation of a Nitrogen-Foam Field Trial,” JPT (April 1990) 504-512.
  82. Nimir, H.B. and Seright, R.S.: “Placement Properties of Foams Versus Gelants When Used as Blocking Agents,” paper SPE 35172 presented at the 1996 SPE Permian Basin Oil & Gas Recovery Conference, Midland, March 27-29.
  83. Khatib, Z.I., Hirasaki, G.J., and Falls, A.H.: “Effects of Capillary Pressure on Coalescence and Phase Mobilities in Foams Flowing Through Porous Media,” SPERE (Aug. 1988) 919-926.
  84. Zhou, Z.H. and Rossen, W.R.: "Applying Fractional-Flow Theory to Foam Processes at the Limiting Capillary Pressure," paper SPE 24180 presented at the 1992 SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 22-24.
  85. Kovscek, A.R., Patzek, T.W., and Radke, C.J.: “Mechanistic Prediction of Foam Displacement in Multidimensions: A Population Balance Approach,” paper SPE 27789 presented at the 1994 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 17-20.
  86. Eson, R.L. and Cooke, R.W.: “A Successful High-Temperature Gel System to Reduce Steam Channeling,” paper SPE 24665 presented at the 1992 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Washington, D.C., Oct. 4-7
  87. Craighead, M.S., Hossaini, M., and Freeman, E.R.: “Foam Fracturing Utilizing Delayed Crosslinked Gels,” paper SPE 14437 presented at the 1985 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Las Vegas, Sept. 22-25.
  88. Bernard, G.G. and Holm, L.W.: “Effect of Foam on Permeability of Porous Media to Gas,” SPEJ (Sept. 1964) 267-274.
  89. Bernard, G.G., Holm, L.W., and Jacobs, W.L.: “Effect of Foam on Trapped Gas Saturation and on Permeability of Porous Media to Water,” SPEJ (Dec. 1965) 295-300.
  90. Miller, M.J. and Fogler, H.S.: “A Mechanistic Investigation of Waterflood Diversion Using Foamed Gels,” paper SPE 24662 presented at the 1992 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Washington, D.C., Oct. 4-7
  91. Sydansk, R.D.: “Polymer-Enhanced Foams,” SPE Advanced Technology Series (April 1994) 2, No. 2, 150-166.
  92. Alvarado, D.A. and Marsden, S.S.: “Flow of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Through Tubes and Porous Media,” SPEJ (Dec. 1979) 369-377.
  93. Gogarty, W.B.: “Rheological Properties of Pseudoplastic Fluids in Porous Media,” SPEJ (June 1967) 149-160.
  94. Soo, H. and Radke, C.J.: “The Flow Mechanism of Dilute, Stable Emulsions in Porous Media,” I&EC Fundamentals (1984) 23, 342-347.
  95. Soo, H. and Radke, C.J.: “A Filtration Model for the Flow of Dilute, Stable Emulsions in Porous Media,” Chemical Engineering Science (1986) 41, No. 2, 263-281.
  96. McAuliffe, C.D.: “Oil-in-Water Emulsions and Their Flow Properties in Porous Media,” JPT (June 1973) 727-733.
  97. Lane, R.H. and Sanders, G.S.: “Water Shutoff Through Fullbore Placement of Polymer Gel in Faulted and in Hydraulically Fractured Producers of the Prudhoe Bay Field,” paper SPE 29475 presented at the 1995 SPE Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, April 2-4.
  98. Sanders, G.S., Chambers, M.J., and Lane, R.H.: “Successful Gas Shutoff With Polymer Gel Using Temperature Modeling and Selective Placement in the Prudhoe Bay Field,” paper SPE 28502 presented at the 1994 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, September 25-28
  99. Dalrymple, D., Takington, J.T., and Hallock, J.: “A Gelation System for Conformance Technology,” paper SPE 28503 presented at the 1994 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, September 25-28.